Acidulants, which are chemical compounds incorporated into food and beverages, impart a tart, sour, or acidic taste and serve as preservatives. They function by reducing the pH level of a product, a process that also aids in other roles such as flavor modulation, acting as leavening agents, and preserving color and texture. Typical examples encompass citric acid, malic acid, acetic acid, and fumaric acid and their derivatives, which are frequently utilized across a wide range of products, from candies and drinks to baked items.